# Python imports
from typing import Optional
from urllib.parse import urlparse


def is_valid_url(url: str) -> bool:
    """
    Validates whether the given string is a well-formed URL.

    Args:
        url (str): The URL string to validate.

    Returns:
        bool: True if the URL is valid, False otherwise.

    Example:
        >>> is_valid_url("https://example.com")
        True
        >>> is_valid_url("not a url")
        False
    """
    try:
        result = urlparse(url)
        # A valid URL should have at least scheme and netloc
        return all([result.scheme, result.netloc])
    except TypeError:
        return False


def get_url_components(url: str) -> Optional[dict]:
    """
    Parses the URL and returns its components if valid.

    Args:
        url (str): The URL string to parse.

    Returns:
        Optional[dict]: A dictionary with URL components if valid, None otherwise.

    Example:
        >>> get_url_components("https://example.com/path?query=1")
        {'scheme': 'https', 'netloc': 'example.com', 'path': '/path', 'params': '', 'query': 'query=1', 'fragment': ''}
    """
    if not is_valid_url(url):
        return None
    result = urlparse(url)
    return {
        "scheme": result.scheme,
        "netloc": result.netloc,
        "path": result.path,
        "params": result.params,
        "query": result.query,
        "fragment": result.fragment,
    }